Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1; DNA repair enzyme that can remove a variety of covalent adducts from DNA through hydrolysis of a 3'-phosphodiester bond, giving rise to DNA with a free 3' phosphate. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of dead- end complexes between DNA and the topoisomerase I active site tyrosine residue. Hydrolyzes 3'-phosphoglycolates on protruding 3' ends on DNA double-strand breaks due to DNA damage by radiation and free radicals. Acts on blunt-ended double-strand DNA breaks and on single-stranded DNA. Has low 3'exonuclease activity and can remove a single nucleoside from the [...]

DNA topoisomerase 2-beta; Control of topological states of DNA by transient breakage and subsequent rejoining of DNA strands. Topoisomerase II makes double- strand breaks; Belongs to the type II topoisomerase family.

Cellular tumor antigen p53; Acts as a tumor suppressor in many tumor types; induces growth arrest or apoptosis depending on the physiological circumstances and cell type. Involved in cell cycle regulation as a trans-activator that acts to negatively regulate cell division by controlling a set of genes required for this process. One of the activated genes is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases. Apoptosis induction seems to be mediated either by stimulation of BAX and FAS antigen expression, or by repression of Bcl-2 expression. Its pro-apoptotic activity is activated via its intera [...]

E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Topors; Functions as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase and as an E3 SUMO1-protein ligase. Probable tumor suppressor involved in cell growth, cell proliferation and apoptosis that regulates p53/TP53 stability through ubiquitin-dependent degradation. May regulate chromatin modification through sumoylation of several chromatin modification-associated proteins. May be involved in DNA damage-induced cell death through IKBKE sumoylation.

Poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1; Poly-ADP-ribosyltransferase that mediates poly-ADP- ribosylation of proteins and plays a key role in DNA repair. Mainly mediates glutamate and aspartate ADP-ribosylation of target proteins: the ADP-D- ribosyl group of NAD(+) is transferred to the acceptor carboxyl group of glutamate and aspartate residues and further ADP-ribosyl groups are transferred to the 2'-position of the terminal adenosine moiety, building up a polymer with an average chain length of 20-30 units. Mediates the poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of a number of proteins, including itself, APLF an [...]

THO complex subunit 4; Export adapter involved in nuclear export of spliced and unspliced mRNA. Binds mRNA which is thought to be transferred to the NXF1-NXT1 heterodimer for export (TAP/NFX1 pathway). Component of the TREX complex which is thought to couple mRNA transcription, processing and nuclear export, and specifically associates with spliced mRNA and not with unspliced pre-mRNA. TREX is recruited to spliced mRNAs by a transcription-independent mechanism, binds to mRNA upstream of the exon-junction complex (EJC) and is recruited in a splicing- and cap-dependent manner to a region [...]

Serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1; Plays a role in preventing exon skipping, ensuring the accuracy of splicing and regulating alternative splicing. Interacts with other spliceosomal components, via the RS domains, to form a bridge between the 5'- and 3'-splice site binding components, U1 snRNP and U2AF. Can stimulate binding of U1 snRNP to a 5'-splice site- containing pre-mRNA. Binds to purine-rich RNA sequences, either the octamer, 5'-RGAAGAAC-3' (r=A or G) or the decamers, AGGACAGAGC/AGGACGAAGC. Binds preferentially to the 5'-CGAGGCG-3' motif in vitro. Three copies of the octame [...]

BTB/POZ domain-containing protein 1; Probable substrate-specific adapter of an E3 ubiquitin- protein ligase complex which mediates the ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Seems to regulate expression levels and/or subnuclear distribution of TOP1, via an unknown mechanism (By similarity). May play a role in mesenchymal differentiation where it promotes myogenic differentiation and suppresses adipogenesis (By similarity).

RNA-binding motif protein, X chromosome, N-terminally processed; RNA-binding protein that plays several role in the regulation of pre- and post-transcriptional processes. Implicated in tissue- specific regulation of gene transcription and alternative splicing of several pre-mRNAs. Binds to and stimulates transcription from the tumor suppressor TXNIP gene promoter; may thus be involved in tumor suppression. When associated with SAFB, binds to and stimulates transcription from the SREBF1 promoter. Associates with nascent mRNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Component of the suprasplic [...]